Case 2 / 183 Entry

Walk Me Through the Balance Sheet

Accounting & Financial Statements

The prompt

“Walk me through the balance sheet.”

📋 What you're given

"Walk me through the balance sheet." This is the natural follow-up to the income statement — and the strongest answers don't just list the three sections, they show that Assets actually equal Liabilities plus Equity with real numbers. Use the figures below for Atlas Manufacturing Inc. — the same company from Case 1 — to build out its balance sheet as of the same fiscal year-end.

1. Task Overview

Task: Using the figures for Atlas Manufacturing Inc. below, compute Total Current Assets, Total Assets, Total Liabilities, and Total Equity — and confirm that the balance sheet actually balances.

Step 1: Given Data for Atlas Manufacturing Inc.

The following balance sheet line items are reported as of the same fiscal year-end as Case 1:

Line ItemAmount
Cash$80.0m
Accounts Receivable$60.0m
Inventory$40.0m
PP&E, net$220.0m
Goodwill & Intangibles$50.0m
Accounts Payable$35.0m
Short-Term Debt$15.0m
Long-Term Debt$150.0m
Common Stock & APIC$100.0m
Retained Earnings$150.0m

Step 2: Calculating Total Current Assets

Current assets are the items expected to convert to cash within a year.

Show Total Current Assets Formula

Total Current Assets = Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory

Using this formula, compute Total Current Assets.

Step 3: Calculating Total Assets

Adding the non-current assets — PP&E and Goodwill & Intangibles — to Total Current Assets gets you to Total Assets.

Show Total Assets Formula

Total Assets = Total Current Assets + PP&E, net + Goodwill & Intangibles

Using this formula, compute Total Assets.

Step 4: Calculating Total Liabilities

Liabilities follow the same current/non-current split as assets.

Show Total Liabilities Formula

Total Liabilities = Accounts Payable + Short-Term Debt + Long-Term Debt

Using this formula, compute Total Liabilities.

Step 5: Calculating Total Equity and Verifying the Identity

Equity is the residual claim — what's left for shareholders after liabilities.

Show Total Equity Formula

Total Equity = Common Stock & APIC + Retained Earnings

Assume:

  • Retained Earnings of $150.0m already includes the $52.5m of Net Income Atlas Manufacturing earned this fiscal year (see Case 1)

Using this formula, compute Total Equity — and verify that Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Equity.

💡 Model answer

Try answering out loud first — then reveal the model answer and compare.

⚠️ Common mistakes

  • Forgetting that the balance sheet is a snapshot ("as of" a date), not a period — confusing it with the income statement's time frame
  • Not separating current vs. non-current within Assets and Liabilities when listing items
  • Summing the wrong line items into a total — e.g., folding Retained Earnings into Total Assets instead of Total Equity
  • Describing Equity as just "a plug" instead of computing it directly from Common Stock & APIC plus Retained Earnings
  • Asserting "it balances" without actually adding up both sides and checking the numbers match

🔁 Follow-up questions

Previous Case 1: Walk Me Through the Income Statement Next Case 3: Walk Me Through the Cash Flow Statement
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